It was defeated by a vote of 42 to 25. The confederalists, extreme defenders of local rights like Juan de Dios Cañedo, argued that only the provinces possessed sovereignty, a portion of which they collectively ceded to the union to form a national government. For example, although the Constitution of 1824 created a president, in Mexico the office was subordinate to the legislature. Both the 1812 Constitution and the Mexican Constitution of 1824 established powerful legislatures and weak executives. Discontent with the emperor's national government grew, Brigadier Antonio López de Santa Anna initiated an insurrection. It wouldn't be the last Mexican constitution, but it redefined the goals of the nation and set Mexico on a new path. Not only had the provinces declared their sovereignty, but they had also restricted the authority of their delegates. However, the federalists won the debate, thus creating the Constitution of the United Mexican States in 1824. Since that body was perceived as subservient to the legislature, neither the provinces nor the Second Constituent Congress bothered to appoint a new executive. The special committee on the nation's capital recommended to the Constituent Congress on 31 May 1824 that another city, Querétaro, become the capital, and that the territory around it become the federal district. The rebels demanded the dismissal of Spaniards from government jobs and their expulsion from the country. Instead, their ideas about government were embodied in the Sentimientos de la Nación, the Mexican declaration of independence, and the Plan de Iguala, outline of the ideology of the fighters who finally defeated the Spanish. At the time of the promulgation of the Constitution, the nation was composed of 19 free states and 3 territories. Since Mexico was essentially confederalist, rather than federalist, the Mexican Charter was closer in spirit to the first US Constitution, the Articles of Confederation, than to the U.S. Constitution of 1787. The states furthest from the center—Yucatán, Sonora y Sinaloa, Tamaulipas and Las Californias—acquired a radical confederalism. The most relevant articles were:[1]. After the War, the State of Mexico was created by the 1824 Constitution, with the first state congress convening in March of that year in Mexico City. As a result, the nation would have to depend upon the goodwill of the states to finance or fulfil its responsibilities. Although the deputies relied on their first constitutional experience, the Constitution of 1812, they did not slavishly copy the Hispanic model. Th… Demetrio Castillo of Oaxaca suggested that a president, a vice-president and an alternate, called designee, should govern. The first still supported the empire of Iturbide, but was a minority. The Constitution of 1824 was primarily based on the ideas of José Miguel Ramos Arizpe, Mexico's leading federalist who argued strongly for the creation of a republic-style government, and possibly influenced by Stephen Austin, an American businessman and rancher who had secured a land grant with the Spanish government to establish an American colony in the remote territory of Tejas. Some states, such as Mexico and Puebla, simply referred to "the natives and citizens of the estate." Only seven centralist deputies opposed the measure. The failure of Iturbide’s short-lived empire ended any further talk of a monarchy, although Conservatives such as Lucas Alamán harbored dreams of one, fulfilled in the 1860s to disastrous results of the Second Mexican Empire. The commission on the constitution revised the articles on the executive a number of times, but could not obtain support for its proposals. Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. It was weak foundation for the new sovereign state to confront challenges. Struggle among confederalists, federalists, and centralists, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1857, Constitutionalists in the Mexican Revolution, Political Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1917, Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States (1824), "The Constitution of the Mexican United States, 1824", "La Diputación Provincial y el Federalismo Mexicano", "Manuel Gomez Pedraza (Cancilleres de Mexico)", 1824 Map of State and Territorial Boundaries, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1824_Constitution_of_Mexico&oldid=1002396446, Articles needing additional references from October 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. As a result of the crisis, the majority in Congress eventually decided to establish an executive branch composed of a president and a vice-president. To avoid civil war, the Cortes acquiesced and elected a new constituent congress. The authors of the Acta Constitutiva, however, proposed in Article 16 that executive power be conferred "on an individual with the title of president of the Mexican Federation, who must be a citizen by birth of said federation and have attained at least thirty-five years of age". Article 75. [7] And the third was influenced by the Scottish Lodge of freemasonry, which had been introduced to Mexico by the Spaniards themselves, favored Centralism, and yearned for the recognition of the new nation by Spain and the Holy See. Opponents refused, claiming that the US federal system could not function in Mexico because of the differences between these two nations. Mier advocated the establishment of a unique brand of federalism suited to Mexico. President Guadalupe Victoria declared slavery abolished too, but it was President Vicente Guerrero who made the decree of Abolition of Slavery on 15 September 1829. - Definition & Examples, What is Limited Government? The way to manage church property was the point that most polarized the opinions of the political class. The proposal led to a heated debate that transcended the former division between states’ righters and strong nationalist coalitions. The Plan de Iguala stated that the independent Mexico would be a monarchy, under the leadership of general (and then emperor) Agustín de Iturbide. We consider the passage of the Constitution of 1917 to mark the culmination of the Mexican Revolution. The Directioners Constitution of 1812 and its institutions of government were well known; moreover, seven proposals for a Mexican constitution had been debated throughout the country in the previous months.
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